Pancreatic Cancer:

Pancreatic Cancer

Pancreatic cancer is a type of cancer that originates in the tissues of the pancreas, an organ located behind the stomach that aids in digestion and regulates blood sugar levels. Pancreatic cancer often goes undetected in its early stages, making it more challenging to treat when discovered at an advanced stage. It is known for its aggressive nature and high mortality rate.

Causes of Pancreatic Cancer

While the exact cause of pancreatic cancer remains unknown, several risk factors can increase the likelihood of developing the disease:

• Genetic Factors: Family history and inherited genetic mutations can increase risk.
• Smoking: Tobacco use is a significant risk factor for pancreatic cancer.
• Obesity: Being overweight is linked to a higher risk of developing pancreatic cancer.
• Diabetes: Long-standing diabetes may increase pancreatic cancer risk.
• Chronic Pancreatitis: Ongoing inflammation of the pancreas is associated with higher cancer risk.
• Age: Pancreatic cancer is more common in individuals over 60.

Symptoms of Pancreatic Cancer

Symptoms often appear late in the disease’s progression and may include:

• Jaundice: Yellowing of the skin and eyes due to bile duct blockage.
• Abdominal or back pain: Persistent pain that often worsens with time.
• Unintended weight loss: Loss of appetite and significant weight loss.
• Nausea and vomiting: Especially after meals.
• Changes in stool: Pale, greasy stools that may float, indicating poor fat digestion.
• Fatigue: General tiredness or weakness.

Diagnosis of Pancreatic Cancer

Diagnosing pancreatic cancer involves multiple steps to confirm the presence of a tumor and assess its spread:

• Imaging Tests: CT scans, MRIs, and ultrasounds provide detailed images of the pancreas and surrounding areas.
• Endoscopic Ultrasound (EUS): An endoscope is used to take images and biopsies of the pancreas.
• Biopsy: A tissue sample is taken to confirm cancer cells.
• Blood Tests: Cancer markers like CA 19-9 may be elevated in pancreatic cancer cases.

Treatment for Pancreatic Cancer

Treatment options depend on the cancer stage, location, and patient health:

• Surgery: Whipple procedure or distal pancreatectomy may be performed to remove part or all of the pancreas.
• Chemotherapy: Medications to kill cancer cells, often used before or after surgery.
• Radiation Therapy: High-energy rays target and destroy cancer cells.
• Targeted Therapy: Drugs that specifically attack cancer cells based on certain mutations.
• Immunotherapy: In select cases, drugs that boost the immune system may be used to fight cancer cells.

Prevention Tips for Pancreatic Cancer

• Avoid Smoking: Quitting smoking reduces the risk of pancreatic and other cancers.
• Maintain a Healthy Weight: Regular exercise and a balanced diet help reduce cancer risk.
• Limit Alcohol Intake: Excessive drinking can contribute to pancreatitis, a risk factor for pancreatic cancer.
• Manage Diabetes: Keeping blood sugar levels under control can help lower risk.
• Regular Check-ups: Individuals with a family history of pancreatic cancer should consider regular screenings and genetic counseling.

When to Consult a Doctor